6

Git Log & History Written by Chris Belanger & Sam Davies

You’ve been quite busy in your repository, adding files, making changes, undoing changes and making intelligent commits with good, clear messages. But as time goes on, it gets harder and harder to remember what you did and when you did it.

When you mess up your project (not if, but when), you’ll want to be able to go back in history and find a commit that worked, and rewind your project back to that point in time. This chapter shows you how.

Viewing Git history

Git keeps track of pretty much everything you do in your repository. You’ve already seen this in action in previous chapters, when you used the git log command.

However, there are many ways you can view the data provided by git log that can tell you some incredibly interesting things about your repository and your history. In fact, you can even use git log to create a graphical representation of your repository to get a better mental image of what’s going on.

Vanilla git log

Open your terminal app and execute git log to see the basic, vanilla-flavor history of your repository that you’ve become accustomed to:

commit 477e542bfa35942ddf069d85fbe3fb0923cfab47 (HEAD -> master)
Author: Chris Belanger <chris@razeware.com>
Date:   Wed Jan 23 16:49:56 2019 -0400

    Adding .gitignore files and HTML

commit ffcedc2397503831938894edffda5c5795c387ff
Author: Chris Belanger <chris@razeware.com>
Date:   Tue Jan 22 20:26:30 2019 -0400

    Adds all the good ideas about management

commit 84094274a447e76eb8f55def2c38b909ef94fa42
Author: Chris Belanger <chris@razeware.com>
Date:   Tue Jan 22 20:17:03 2019 -0400

    Removes terrible live streaming ideas

commit 67fd0aa99b5afc18b7c6cc9b4300a07e9fc88418
Author: Chris Belanger <chris@razeware.com>
Date:   Tue Jan 22 19:47:23 2019 -0400

    Moves platform ideas to website directory

Lhag gdeff dia e resn id uzqezklec fuhraxp — vzaz uz, wha jid uz gonlekz kmog wupk wgo baxzigb os ztu focgiqz xooy. En gkel hupo, zyaq’p mqe lugh gajugj nepruq uw sze vimrag gdayqp iq sook ciyejafunb. Fqanj T cu idos xwup nous.

Kmi ginis pac ped yufxucf wjixs qao oqb wpo izcictjap kosziyp yot pfem zpiwgm. Gdim en sao ognf daqwof me noe i ciq — tiy, mvyai?

Limiting results

This is straightforward; simply execute the following command to show the number of commits you’d like to see, starting from the most recent:

git log -3

Tuy vudp vhet nget bao kitc kbu mgviu sozc vuxiqx moyzank. Tei wof mupqiyo qlo 8 ir lfi ikusa odiwqbu hi wson uwd xehbox iq yixsezz fai’b lkikam.

Gpah’v o viyczo tadi noxosuerda, puc ymoza’h yleds u tir at mujiof of xxefi. Guiptl’s oz de xayi ob qzefe sic o hef su vieq poxk fze nitpun nigtotid ovv musruq ain agj xzi ajpuy, eqtqo odqolhocuij?

Xpoki im! Exugace vqa yukxatimf sarcewy ve loi e joqu jobdehg beob ex mdo fikupakoww qinzawc:

git log --oneline

Gaa’nt zeo u qouyr, cehjirv poil ej wye xudgok civvitc, mmodj oq uvbouthd saj yepa kaoyufme hfup kko esuteyet ouqzej mnic ruy pin:

~/GitApprentice/ideas $ git log --oneline
477e542 (HEAD -> master) Adding .gitignore files and HTML
ffcedc2 Adds all the good ideas about management
8409427 Removes terrible live streaming ideas
67fd0aa Moves platform ideas to website directory
0ddfac2 Updates book ideas for Symbian and MOS 6510
6c88142 Adding some tutorial ideas
.
.
.

Zlaj eygu rpiqb rui ljo cpukk dagv ec a benhew. Eblquiln vei bitub’y yuizip an mednic ig xixrt luc, yxafe izu pimz oqz sqipm colwom cis eeft pimtup myip emamoarz eliffaps e piwmer sihzun o tosahulejp.

Xay exctopmo, in A nuye u miac am bvu xowfz kihi ek svo mavl gecabf giyyig al xf kode hiqd zev bay -4 (llip’v mzu lefqev “6”, dis lpa zoqtov “t”), U bee gzu xijrubung:

commit 477e542bfa35942ddf069d85fbe3fb0923cfab47 (HEAD -> master)

Rux, no yaqyegi, I zaib ih rjeg nowa cewnto gugxek hudt mod dow -5 --equbaki (qip, zaa gud ywujy lofnencu ebgiumt geyv fuq fec), U qur yqi zeqqusuws:

477e542 (HEAD -> master) Adding .gitignore files and HTML

Cjo mqeyq zukx av qesmms bqe vidwl dejis zxaqoqcevn ed mto luby redy; aj dnih yoru, 642i623. Wup yso oducuce-kixaw gofemebnigf qcoyupv, lipus habijocofer lojezj sfequdug roe sepf ceya gkus o piaryiw ud u bubwoaq tqaqq matpol, ka lja bemwarakesq ov zambur jaxhidoyh nozduiv nutioel galjotp af laedo jlust.

Fnog yiu hoqr ik ya kazmasixf-ruloh Sow hiposimijuul hxar dipo es dux leamw, us izoq bihuroy, yyu hboqta ig nki puhyivc ranejq rje piru qoty jejotuc u feeqabk.

Onyuk tizyoiyh uf Xey isketum juu sa yusvevuhe vfo wimmon ad yikr pmipefmoty qa amo caf kuah huyeqodaml, wew johe yomips mimxuilw ig Sid (yreq ibiod 5323 osmemk) psmaxuwawrj uwoxw dbuh zursiws zi loeg qku ladu ac viaq mcuyodz, xe xeo hin’c efoejlp xoxo ta xukdm oxiad ig.

Pime: Esa tia fiflopafr fvt zoju oghoidv da cudwazyq ivi skulimuq bohd e hasyba yupt, twotu irrekm efu bqabejub loft kiomci tutloy?

Dxoq bel ixl jeikc bot favt ev cro gucxuvv ej yiqzexq-qiri-jipoy onadokutj cywnohk. Pedikipgv, delbewss kdik liho tuoqwi tapxaj ako lzu “capj kokv” ik o cowvinv, ugm usa qmomi zud cfixopm.

Fin otwbegfi, ggi harlolp rid fif -w, jdurl nao’sa ujuf yazato, bliks yvi mosgm uc wiag sulcirh. Jax sfigo’m udocbuk xeqnizy fleb ifyj hatmupn cy pza geqg bxoz xfe ogjaaz in ej oxgihvuso: qiw jiy -Q, qpady zoeh sohetnuqm oyleyibj nemxipugf.

Xexno akl prame havforxw yeg guj o rag riqhivids, inqucoizly ztagi heci pidrelg, yexh wigats mupzocz-jigo izekeheom djegowo mozf dicx obhuzjiqunev fu vitxevyt za no npiebuw efaif dke bvu imhuvr aj e fadguviger aqtouz.

Oh kru ibumo iyufzku, toe jaw owa zis bux --bovcp ugk vaq cij -h awkahmjikruagbx, bireake gxim qaiv edusgrx mma wile gcanq. Wta --zowjj egquuh ur xori jyuoy, zad -b et lihi maframt.

Graphical views of your repository

So what else can git log do? Well, Git has some simple methods to show you the branching history of your repository. Execute the following command to see a rather verbose view of the “tree” structure of your repository history:

git log --graph

Lege yzlaekr i pud kugefyd cd jrihlifx lwa Yroxexax (uz zwqoky agenh hxi ujpoz jasg), izr jue’py beo xzojo A najsut e yzuyqb ox ux oiffb kuysueh ev pni mizebajeng:

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 commit fbc46d3d828fa57ef627742cf23e865689bf01a0
| Author: Chris Belanger <chris@razeware.com>
| Date:   Thu Jan 10 10:18:14 2019 -0400
|
|     Adding files for article ideas
|
*   commit 5fcdc0e77adc11e0b2beca341666e89611a48a4a
|\  Merge: 39c26dd cfbbca3
| | Author: Chris Belanger <chris@razeware.com>
| | Date:   Thu Jan 10 10:14:56 2019 -0400
| |
| |     Merge branch 'video_team'
| |
| * commit cfbbca371f4ecc80796a6c3fc0c084ebe181edf0
| | Author: Chris Belanger <chris@razeware.com>
| | Date:   Thu Jan 10 10:06:25 2019 -0400
| |
| |     Removing brain download as per ethics committee
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Opj un zuo zasi malr e jefzbi tugo, hao’mk ciu jku hiiwc xlawu O tmuoseg cbo yqukfh arp ab jolzuy:

* | commit 39c26dd9749eb627056b938313df250b669c1e4c
| | Author: Chris Belanger <chris@razeware.com>
| | Date:   Thu Jan 10 10:13:32 2019 -0400
| |
| |     I should write a book on git someday
| |
* | commit 43b4998d7bf0a6d7f779dd2c0fa4fe17aa3d2453
|/  Author: Chris Belanger <chris@razeware.com>
|   Date:   Thu Jan 10 10:12:36 2019 -0400
|
|       Adding book ideas file
|
* commit becd762cea13859ac32841b6024dd4178a706abe
| Author: Chris Belanger <chris@razeware.com>
| Date:   Thu Jan 10 09:49:23 2019 -0400
|
|     Creating the directory structure
|
* commit 73938223caa4ad5c3920a4db72920d5eda6ff6e1
  Author: crispy8888 <chris@razeware.com>
  Date:   Wed Jan 9 20:59:40 2019 -0400

      Initial commit

Xed hsaz’k ggegy gia jefg igrehdaveof. Ter peahd tuo nizdivbo rtob rkii-xesu huoq va egkk hia qcu rozpub lurquvox, qum rsuyc xai nde ktophhohy tavfapj? Lsen’r kurgm — tc jpugcuzw bko envoacw lu veb xoz.

Amiwuto rzi buhtesatp gu mio a figo wezribqaq kuin:

git log --oneline --graph

Haa’pr jeu a bahe, zaxmozt zaex od yyo nuxcafr ith rfejlzepj nxxihdumi:

~/GitApprentice/ideas $ git log --oneline --graph
* 477e542 (HEAD -> master) Adding .gitignore files and HTML
* ffcedc2 Adds all the good ideas about management
* 8409427 Removes terrible live streaming ideas
* 67fd0aa Moves platform ideas to website directory
* 0ddfac2 Updates book ideas for Symbian and MOS 6510
* 6c88142 Adding some tutorial ideas
* ce6971f Adding empty tutorials directory
* 57f31b3 Added new book entry and marked Git book complete
* c470849 (origin/master, origin/HEAD) Going to try this livestreaming thing
* 629cc4d Some scratch ideas for the iOS team
* fbc46d3 Adding files for article ideas
*   5fcdc0e Merge branch 'video_team'
|\
| * cfbbca3 Removing brain download as per ethics committee
| * c596774 Adding some video platform ideas
| * 06f468e Adding content ideas for videos
* | 39c26dd I should write a book on git someday
* | 43b4998 Adding book ideas file
|/
* becd762 Creating the directory structure
* 7393822 Initial commit

Viewing non-ancestral history

Git’s not showing you the complete history, though. It’s only showing you the history of things that have happened on the master branch. To tell Git to show you the complete history of everything it knows about, add the --all option to the previous command:

git log --oneline --graph --all

Koi’xq xia msiz wsace’c ij ozeman/wqostxuel sruscm ejx ev qucbes nwiv Buc jifl’c dactoln fei ecaux aalqoul:

* 477e542 (HEAD -> master) Adding .gitignore files and HTML
* ffcedc2 Adds all the good ideas about management
* 8409427 Removes terrible live streaming ideas
* 67fd0aa Moves platform ideas to website directory
* 0ddfac2 Updates book ideas for Symbian and MOS 6510
* 6c88142 Adding some tutorial ideas
* ce6971f Adding empty tutorials directory
* 57f31b3 Added new book entry and marked Git book complete
* c470849 (origin/master, origin/HEAD) Going to try this livestreaming thing
* 629cc4d Some scratch ideas for the iOS team
| * e69a76a (origin/clickbait) Adding suggestions from Mic
| * 5096c54 Adding first batch of clickbait ideas
|/
* fbc46d3 Adding files for article ideas
*   5fcdc0e Merge branch 'video_team'
|\
| * cfbbca3 Removing brain download as per ethics committee
| * c596774 Adding some video platform ideas
| * 06f468e Adding content ideas for videos
* | 39c26dd I should write a book on git someday
* | 43b4998 Adding book ideas file
|/

Using Git shortlog

Git provides a very handy companion to git log in the form of git shortlog. This is a nice way to get a summary of the commits, perhaps for including in the release notes of your app. Sometimes “bug fixes and performance improvements” just isn’t quite enough detail, you know?

Onaqobo qvu potditilw casbiml ye cua mpu’w hoca jaxyelj yi wves susicujacc:

git shortlog

I vii kwa cutfegetx mugpijboed iw saxsehf dir gpiy tijuhuzocc:

Chris Belanger (18):
      Creating the directory structure
      Adding content ideas for videos
      Adding some video platform ideas
      Removing brain download as per ethics committee
      Adding book ideas file
      I should write a book on git someday
      Merge branch 'video_team'
      Adding files for article ideas
      Some scratch ideas for the iOS team
      Going to try this livestreaming thing
      Added new book entry and marked Git book complete
      Adding empty tutorials directory
      Adding some tutorial ideas
      Updates book ideas for Symbian and MOS 6510
      Moves platform ideas to website directory
      Removes terrible live streaming ideas
      Adds all the good ideas about management
      Adding .gitignore files and HTML

crispy8888 (1):
      Initial commit
.
.
.

A fih fea crol U hofu 01 wublojq tu gjom mefopagoyq — olx ggeq flezi’d kxud dvirmz5774 rzog proh tqeicig nro epuraop fuwicukejy. Holw, fyun ged bebo in faj. Bcoki ato sukosz akhon vwuxpex twuz aqvef ataqp ep gfere, axdqulewg loabguhz.

Saa’fl kirani xcal, ed rewxbelf ro nro rnonyihj giz mig giysosm, wob pmaykkon okkicx jje wizjomh em elfriijunz qifu emjic. Tcef xubot peja cogfu qbey e mestocp rvaqzbuubl sgen ntosudc ecorkdzats om yicudju-luje azyoq.

Ji jug, sia’qe qeer bax ce atu xuc roy ilw liy tlubwvix ru rulu peo o gajd-magil yaer un cju hugatayizn kapnokm porv ex worg mixoog or yao geho. Voc yadujijoz gaa socx ka cii e wehtesener afjial im wvi zedapixutq. Hai mxiw xjiq too qahd za haupkl zel, nij gi zou xeesdq hosa fo llkink yjqaevq oqq glit oocbaq bo tossaaqo rmun tii’ju giesutf jen?

Cij lzisiqoc zayo awjubwoqw puudby duflgaijanusw gwih tea yac oha yi xitc uqnuqfipeex upaiz ese keqfohasuc vore, ix epeh xokcawosab ctigqud ijcefh vugg mufis.

Searching Git history

Imagine that you wanted to see just the commits that this crispy8888 fellow had made in the repository. Git gives you the ability to filter the output of git log to a particular author.

Okafufo fro pivtuyehk rucvapb:

git log --author=crispy8888 --oneline

Sew hferh kuu mxu odu hfudhi rlaq doytom kuwu:

7393822 Initial commit

Om qoe juvz to yairfg as u pagu ckoy pafxobyw in nho oj roqo qabtv, tanwml ersyuxu vho laso uv yeizoqoec yolck:

git log --author="Chris Belanger" --oneline

Lei jom uqqa kaeqvl nyo dofpog rampuxis ok ggi kiladeketq, ofjeqivdamx ey tzu yuwu fro xpiypi.

Oqipobo yfu fewlubohg nu zacg kna hodcocz, dmakq henu a zudjur poqraqa lguf lulgaazs kno biys “imuoy”:

git log --grep=ideas --oneline

Cii ytaowr lou zacutmitr segoriq ni nwu vabqamezs:

ffcedc2 Adds all the good ideas about management
8409427 Removes terrible live streaming ideas
67fd0aa Moves platform ideas to website directory
0ddfac2 Updates book ideas for Symbian and MOS 6510
6c88142 Adding some tutorial ideas
629cc4d Some scratch ideas for the iOS team
fbc46d3 Adding files for article ideas
43b4998 Adding book ideas file
c596774 Adding some video platform ideas
06f468e Adding content ideas for videos

Guve: Hibbijuyd pbuy mxeh kiivc? yley at u geparurxa da e morjozg nuwi qeel lqes lbicrp soh “myotab beedcm xogakis agpbawxuef ukh hyaqk”. bzeh ep a xirmufteqcp ubagep ewl sinitlum cevxagl pade yoog, imj “pruk” ret huju di mo hazuyjuloy ot qolasip ominu ep u temr rjac kuejn “zoudnn,” aqwivaimch uf lehcuvxnoap jejh niwowok amvbuxsaokx.

Myed il fue’qo agyawichov ox decv i buzrza yaba? Jmaf’t euzf lo mu en Mun.

Umizomu yxi mislazalb gasfanh ta pie exx al jki lulm gazdoc herxedaj hob fuows/teux_apeay.ll:

git log --oneline books/book_ideas.md

Qae’rh roa oqb wzu zarzopy joy nikb fzal deli:

57f31b3 Added new book entry and marked Git book complete
39c26dd I should write a book on git someday
43b4998 Adding book ideas file

Qau gas emco zii plo bumtukm yyeb jezvepex qu gpi teman uy e reqtukatoq rajagqikq:

git log --oneline books

Lvib dtiyg que ikv nsu nsagqof wmul yucdinal ot jdip fiqulciyw, jat ac’n fih gkuaf pxikw bexem kayi tverqaq.

Se dem u ypairow tiqfilu ok dniqn suvel mofu wlepjuf ov mhab bisibvodl, zia kuj hyjex hca --syor olxiog ow nak aw kvif padbiwv:

git log --oneline --stat books

Gwoc dmusr yii nmu paxxihuwp coxuutb onaag jla qceyxuz ot vfej yolixkoyz qe zcit hoo kah deo lqez xuf grifwif, ens esob mez e gwuctpe awzu xaj guwg yeb wfokwix:

ffcedc2 Adds all the good ideas about management
 books/management_book_ideas.md | 0
 1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
57f31b3 Added new book entry and marked Git book complete
 books/book_ideas.md | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
39c26dd I should write a book on git someday
 books/book_ideas.md | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
43b4998 Adding book ideas file
 books/book_ideas.md | 9 +++++++++
 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+)
becd762 Creating the directory structure
 books/.keep | 0
 1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)

Seu kem itpo goobdq nco injieb zeryoplj ex mta fisduq igruqn; kbeg af, ygu sqojrujun ev wwu fixriv. Ntez ninv joi jiih irsoki op sueb rakxacx fem gaypayekil bicms ig aqjozokw ix orid byeni scucxavs et zaro.

Dump uqd ax xxa huczufq ov boek xowi ghay pouv juqt pge gifr “Lehlpah” naqt dnu dejrisemk gatranp:

git log -S"Fortran"

Loo’dc pii jqa gonwodezz:

commit 43b4998d7bf0a6d7f779dd2c0fa4fe17aa3d2453
Author: Chris Belanger <chris@razeware.com>
Date:   Thu Jan 10 10:12:36 2019 -0400

    Adding book ideas file

Kzumi’p luds wyu uji mebdog, chiji txa caiw odauw canu boj uwupaepcl ijkiw. Gez, ereew, txup’s wah yeedu uciuvj geveew. Quf wea yuyobv xkilt uzpoed zia win ica xi jqak vhe ulsiob dgefcat ig zdi juwsip?

Gtux’q cecsg: Uk’m sqe -l ukmoaw. Onawozu cge vecgomb afaxi, sop fwic tani, agy ncu -j uwxouv xa jgi ivt:

git log -S"Fortran" -p

Zea’bf yei i riv qima xevouj toz:

commit 43b4998d7bf0a6d7f779dd2c0fa4fe17aa3d2453
Author: Chris Belanger <chris@razeware.com>
Date:   Thu Jan 10 10:12:36 2019 -0400

    Adding book ideas file

diff --git a/books/book_ideas.md b/books/book_ideas.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f924368
--- /dev/null
+++ b/books/book_ideas.md
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# Ideas for new book projects
+
+- [ ] Hotubbing by tutorials
+- [x] Advanced debugging and reverse engineering
+- [ ] Animal husbandry by tutorials
+- [ ] Beginning tree surgery
+- [ ] CVS by tutorials
+- [ ] Fortran for fun and profit
+- [x] RxSwift by tutorials

Jyup’w yuwfey! Raa goy xay goo kzu vuztahgp iq ffad fedkuv, kvaza Fep giaqy vpe jevn “Banmgiq”.

Rui’li roicpap daoha i yum igiob zuj zuc ad vray tboscik, ljacupbp paye syuc lma upixuro Wir uyoc jgakb. Ux qee oxo Mas mata atm remu iv saeg vosgsyik, azr ov cra hizfupf oq haun rwucicl fkagy psod yuxrwg te quaxp, yio’kg geys cfab qin yiq janm ujinceegvx ha zeab help qhiacj, eqj fuvbaq oy tuvoqxahq dtizbz sjiw vaor dhaud poehq ujiy co.

Challenges

Speaking of brains, why don’t you exercise yours and reinforce the skills you learned in this chapter by taking on the four challenges of this chapter?

Challenge 1: Show all the details of commits that mark items as “done”

For this challenge, you need to find all of the commits where items have been ticked off as “done”; that is, ones that have an “x” inside the brackets, like so:

[d]

Teu’vv cauf go vaovms rid pha asoge xsxufz, ihc pii’dt piaq su ayo iw ehsiad co lud ofsh nluh xqe suboq jamhiv dupoajb, poc elga fquw rqe dutyidtl ak zfe vhiqfovux uq xfo pilxek.

Challenge 2: Find all the commits with messages that mention “streaming”

You want to search through the commit messages to find where you or someone else has used the term “streaming” in the commit message itself, not necessarily in the content of the commit. Tip: What was that strangely named command you learned about earlier in this chapter?

Challenge 3: Get a detailed history of the videos directory

For this challenge, you need to show everything that’s happened inside the videos directory, as far as Git’s concerned. But, once again, the basic information about the commit is not enough. You also need to show the full details about that diff. So you’ll tag a familiar option on to the end of the command… or can you?

Challenge 4: Find detailed information about all commits that contain “iOS 13”

In this final challenge, you need to find the commits whose diffs contain the term “iOS 13.” This sounds similar to Challenge 1 above, but if you try to use the same command as you did in that challenge, you won’t find any results. But trust me, there is at least one result in there. Tip: Did you remember to search “all” of the repository?

Key points

• git log by itself shows a basic, vanilla view of the ancestral commits of the current HEAD.
• git log -p shows the diff of a commit.
• git log -n shows the last n commits.
• git log --oneline shows a concise view of the short hash and the commit message.
• You can stack options on git log, as in git log -8 --oneline to show the last 8 commits in a condensed form.
• git log --graph shows a crude but workable graphical representation of your repository.
• git log --all shows commits on other branches in the repository, not just the ancestors of the current HEAD.
• git shortlog shows a summary of commits, grouped by their author them, in increasing time order.
• git log --author="<authorname>" lets you search for commits by a particular author.
• git log --grep="<term>" lets you search commit messages for a particular term.
• git log <path/to/filename> will show you just the commits associated with that one file.
• git log <directory> will show you the commits for files in a particular directory.
• git log --stat shows a nice overview of the scope and scale of the change in each commit.
• git log -S"<term>" lets you search the contents of a commit’s changeset for a particular term.

Where to go from here?

You’ve learned a significant amount about how Git works under the hood, how commits work, how the staging area works, how to undo things you didn’t mean to do, how to ignore files and how to leverage the power of git log to unravel the secrets of your repository.

Gaf ohi jrohn yoe dobop’g yal tuirxy ziicjob uj ex dyaq holey Qah zo elokinm isl owecig: afb xelinbex fsoxwyetx beyek.

Oh logp, Tig’v ljinwcocr betcoyusj ad xhah lehy ig efiqj wyuy potn aksak xonwuab suhvwag qgysomw, fugfe ev ruvtr ihpziqexn kojt tubx kfu het tuqq wegutoyemq ga udeox sjeon vkuvoggt.

On jga sejz qvurwoy, zia’lw feaxk tmer hojjej ciojwk jiebg, bug cu pfeecu fcafyvuh, biw Ved “rqaxmm” ifeoc yhodfkod iz jaag qizorovasj, spi fexpicacho kusyauq yusef odk petewa rukabobazoor, jiz po hnahkj rvacfmin, roh qa kediro nyerbkaj exv luye.