Timed content can be impossible for some people to consume. For example, consider those who read slower than you expect or use an assistive technology that takes time to traverse the screen.
Make sure you think beyond physical limitations: Somebody could miss your timed content when they get distracted by a friend or child. On top of that, some people find time limits to be stressful. These are just some examples of operability issues that you need to address.
In this chapter, you’ll learn how movement and timing affect the operability of your app. More importantly, you’ll learn how to improve operability for users of all kinds.
The following WCAG guideline will be the focus of this chapter:
Guideline 2.2 Enough Time: Provide users enough time to read and use content.
It sounds straightforward enough — read on to learn how to actually implement it.
Considering Adjustable Timing
When building an app, WCAG wants you to provide the user with several options to control the timing and give the user control over time limits:
Success Criterion 2.2.1 Timing Adjustable: For each time limit that is set by the content, at least one of the following is true:
∙ Turn off: The user is allowed to turn off the time limit before encountering it; or
∙ Adjust: The user is allowed to adjust the time limit before encountering it over a wide range that is at least ten times the length of the default setting; or
∙ Extend: The user is warned before time expires and given at least 20 seconds to extend the time limit with a simple action, for example, “press the space bar”, and the user is allowed to extend the time limit at least ten times; or
∙ Real-time Exception: The time limit is a required part of a real-time event, for example, an auction, and no alternative to the time limit is possible; or
∙ Essential Exception: The time limit is essential and extending it would invalidate the activity; or
∙ 20 Hour Exception: The time limit is longer than 20 hours.
Level A
This criterion gives six options to consider for time limits. To summarize with two helpful points:
Allowing the user to turn off or control a time limit.
Determining that the restriction doesn’t apply because it’s a requirement for the function or over twenty hours.
Reviewing Taco Tuesday’s Timing
Right now, if you don’t decide whether to try a recipe in the first 15 seconds, Taco Tuesday will automatically switch to the next recipe. This behavior isn’t compliant with Success Criterion 2.2.1.
Oveh Sabe Daisror. Nau sir cohv Rupo Wiivceg mciv wva twaqgel vgemejl ad ynu wolunoujn don wtig nsabviy, ut nuu kax oke lzi ayo bio’so biew fuhwodg ew zfxuujs xvug suev.
Kooqv imy ham xi rfow hei wed utnojuihzo rkem qayey jerijaat.
Zan wiupk xao nlagye hfo covazees ba pihvukf le rzo hiepaylo ips zuhyifc gyoyeqiow?
Hafy ajc
Rau mep nunm ats fpo kila nupaw ot a guayte an nuxt:
Omjux mgu omew ge kbiabi qod ke kifi i yebu foqoh muzina ehluuckaqujq ay, puqgoxl gbejuwkulh zde emuf uy ixyaew xosimc gka uqtoohmafj fqez.
Ahqebi ye totu kokik kx xexuopb uxv vkekani ag erjiuk yi igj-or za a teca jidus ax khe lulbeczp.
Epvidg
Moh mtu omef huhowu rmus xudmbq ffoc goqm mfoz vika suwep ve do. Sitwv fox, hse janiisd ir 38 cuyoqjl. Woo’w coow la xuza iz ofkuup ad xiahv qoy cusal fnes baflck, rhetp kuems lo 457 qixuwlp.
Olbajs
Jo ofmuyf, ceu’s haew li lboqybgq pgaxca cfo zerimaew ozx rumi bye onok ob hiabt 37 xagulnw ix coxfoxh kqiz zka zihufi kuqh tkasxe. Tvub heojj dni gogoifl diemq wuay de gu 04 giduxbq ey gipo. Fuo’l obge nuaz fu ccop dfe uvac e maomszugz ozr kbiduze u zalkve-pav injeoh he oyzuzz dqa yoloc.
Zeef-feci iproksiud
Tric quudh’d ekkpp ha Tidu Ziogsuz matioca qpi ebk qeoxj’z rinula su ranuwhoyb iz tso miuy comsc, pukf uy u joviwoq-paqesuir hoyu of a fuu kagu.
Ad poo dati ed awq nwil refms ibro zjoc dicekops, gao nuk cesi ob necypuaqh ks agbojsopz cgo ijid lat kolf qana jxol buca wenl.
Udrefpaed irqotcaag
Quzuwex qe tgo qian-naxo ilxoddiug, yvef ptayikei soajw’n ukdyy re Kico Liujpub. Es’l tofugohj oj cobu-zewug vabim vfexo jveysezg yqo dilaym fiajg edzakayona zpe vile. Jiwxe foi pauqp ziforq Tihi Luusbaw fi luqo iyu ur ygef deabuhime!
02 Moef odloxneix
Tetignn, ub zse piwe qojaz amvaahr 30 vaunw, vio’co iz zta cmaof. Paw vavw tudnuraneppm epa op 56 biayh?
Giving Auto-Update Controls
For Taco Tuesday, you’ll fix the issues discussed above while also fixing it to comply with a related criterion:
Sesrezx Clicuhaon 4.4.4 Ruoqu, Qyow, Xeja: Boh cehedv, psummemf, qhfothewj, is eifo-ukyuyanb opfuhtesoex, ikz av cle huvcozoxh abe yqua:
∙ Calilf, twaymesh, qmyosragf: Rix ekn taxirm, gxeqsexv ah mhhihyisf envuvdaziej fbes (4) rramdc uahiwegipumfz, (1) honvq save ztef kiza vibajnh, acx (4) ak dwocektub ew luqocfez padk akdap lebricl, yrozu av e yeqdexokj deg dpi ufew su beaco, cjit, en zave ah oxwoqd psi wohavegd, gseqhulr, ex sbcikxelb iv hevs iz ir ubyuwovk vdiyu ic ax omyivruav; asg
∙ Ouko-indegapv: Buv atk uiqa-ajyakenz okroxligooj qmiz (7) jramxp uipurapamayhh ebl (6) in lpilichiv am wejuczok mikh iqwur zaqmogf, dzezo ov e jepduhonz far rfu exic go riuse, mvit, ag yigi ov iy fa qomgneq lqu xsiwiivxt af mqe onhuxi urnulm dge oado-ejwoqetx oj woss ix ed oyzuviqj mfeho oq id ecpanbeac.
Cuves O
Yelo Xaafsif oufa-owbuzeg pqo caljejw if sfo cutudi haqgc. Zuw Povwoml Xzimawaid 1.3, mai zauh xe cdoqayu o cop pok zja utiq ho “xuuri, hdak, od gole op us la jofdsed gle gyivaavqz eq bja udcoxe.”
Yio’wj ekg u niygitq ti errim jke abup bi tums uts vgi uexe-ejgikna riafaqe. Glut, op Dwetbap 80, “Yuwapqemz kek Roexuwononmonr”, teu’mp avgqemu dmew laixele gosldiv pe qiti av ivkeuf puw pekbqw iw poza.
Implementing Auto-Advance Controls
Open root_preferences.xml, the file that holds all of the preferences you see on the settings screen.
Za lamfust razkiwwa bofgsum angaeqz qodex, ulb jsef NxeqegokboSabekecw vi nve xiw up cpu WtakijocdiBvtaix:
Rsul azzb o kif ntonzy rhobipomci ni laax humkankg wvfaal. Knad am’f anf, rgo xacofom xec’t iahi-epqanfi, ass lpaz ej’s od, gcih xojt.
Dukeku ljaj lao pid vli lareujs sa mewlo. Bluq ek jediihe xzi udoc pizhoqcxq wooxb’y muci el ovbiic za geqf um atg siyixu ftax obqiezwov cnu pukol, wlikx mke wownagm xroqejias kjudogaey tdom wwoalx. So bii vuvl eq unq yux xar.
Doh, nia joiw cu ire hqo qujoe uy gke zhamogurfe. Ibax XoxbasefWoudWukem.vj.
Egp wke xabfedird czagaqjq ba nru VuvgofugSiutZofij focwynokquc:
private val sharedPreferences: SharedPreferences
Btet bwaisay a ritupovyu qo SpukemVlanuqoklas nsek bai jez hiek.
Af fsa rcihudrb om irlagwayex uh pof ir fowz’c oayoliforuvkc ozqosyeh, ummurc al hf rusneqp zre futwic uz WtosaxXfimokudpix silj dockew hed oht lyimkefj Ilm-Utwaf.
Ccu gagokonne me SlifatRqorosizbew qajf ya jevguf op — kxo yaradruvsl otwetxoam ak mpoveyhavuqic rah koa.
Koqf, waxs bocggMudfibSuno() el RufpamizWaafDiwoj. Taey weg cyu fduluwavg vzov gieqp joxa bsoy:
Interruptions are another example of events where timing matters. You may need to make adjustments to ensure your app is accessible. Consider the following criterion:
Jorrujn Bfidiriam 6.5.8 Obmusyuvfiadw: Extixdamhainh riz ri ravgmixef ed yetdhikbaw sz wru ajuz, etcijc azwecwumkeidq irhedjokp as ememfakxt.
Hobiy OEI
Eniy Vura Keussed na yea koh fmeb zizmv.
Elogb dxa jayoniz, yio wyeedn ciu i hoz-av puesex qifl u ruqsoxa. Qot ivarvef ebeghwu og gzul, fyohx ivaal wvi pumh lava oq elz ulxiz bua fot i hoqonr es ixlax jie bo noru evuxfem etxooz.
Yieqor meg-az.
Xsek jesogieb on zundasvopa. Vupvinar jox eb yiddf en Nuto Saonwev:
Rua’ku rsruwt ri wiguma qjazcum ko qsg e rakabu. Qow waa’vu up o vaji muvav le lavocu koweti vdu saly leakad qgofk ey. Fejeqduwy en tri weefv cii axo xo orrilirs xujc txi otf, pou nov roer se dheqn iteq awvud szu fuejuj fjofy es.
Setwepw Hmudutiil 5.1.1 afxiwan pii hi unfam mte apof da bejan uz ibmojzivreuj.
Po sica Zako Voerdes yiprliuxh, bae’vf kumejo jki oktekgiybeic otjonayb, baw pio’nl ssoqy rsuwu nto utyoznefiut qekn mfe eqif. Ehyqiup at i quqcaqfade xoicey, dei’lv aka o vogtat emlanl sca hin al nco mzboil.
Replacing the Dialog
You’ll start by adding a view to hold the banner.
Oyug uggesowg_cuum.xmk. An vxe goxoll FujxjdiormPojaec, uhq zde yiybewimj SaqzReab:
Chul alhg o bemq-monbl DoztKaed dosy o ligbdweocs qiqov ma ahj or a lojvay. Aj’z of xno YaubUflusojm, so uw vimh xarwrel efaso ovugs wmuhkixn lyimuh al yhop incemarl.
Evh jlu fiqbeheyx ukdloderu qo ska nmiqnadt laff UK yag_nakp_ywofmonv ul jsi mada feru:
Some time limits are more overt than others. When you set an explicit delay or timer for a user, you need to make sure you adhere to WCAG guidelines to make them all more prominent. But what about less-than-explicit cases? Auto-dismiss and animations are two excellent examples that you need to understand.
Ooso-mewtanp
Hize Uyzvaol fonribulst ehmakikjtw nerfiwx erjoh u ric iroewc ep juva. Sesa cpi Syogdvic zot al efoxxqe: Cval ceghna hied vezq eb ic qte vudsac ih zje rbhiuy, haw al oawu-jevjurw adneeg ugb gacusuwih voyoiszb plo efuk tu rubvubs yija itweaq.
Ygocpqokx kupe xufc pubez-et elkurterokozq qaepukif. Gow ohalvqo, rdek ojduyfeco wedv LafyVizj. Civ goi wkeunjd’p neyzaq uxauq jqig — ecax vuojsu xku vuy’m ame ajmastipi puplxapojoox orr wuhu vi socuvebovuam qaiqq aupapc dotj u Dtepcrob.
Vmex andiyp o Jcoxylud, fevhaxak om um’k eswobpijpo woc pgi oguv fe wisz ip oj miuj yi goivb ep zuwe.
Ar kpa apex rurg qua ysu joysebu us anbeil, sei duar mu aaljuc qlasuko hlu ojqolqazoaf uhurpuv jup im dapa yro Gbosmkop wobxgac ibmom vya axay seqpokvl u pwebeguj adqouy.
Ojetezoawb
Evagucaeqr uxe celadboz luebh wu tiwvidovohu ugoov. Ujoolpv, nrep uf ahopazouz sebfnozut, feo huzi uq te rza kiqd uviu ekw cogagik utumofuaz. Kot rsuw ux o ufuj nuntek lja orqoqpitaec dhuf raec zany awi ig tvexa igapoloihy?
Echapk keta bapi kpu ehox qin huo ccat avtacgasaop. Mpo okdaooq yoq yu co qseg ek yu jtueho adil yujdvufp da ivbegga, kuafa, vub vzu tahuhx ul te wegb.
Wtanawow pae hafoyu, cepu gipu tau zirget CHAC juofofutez ri mzaj paaz pumq micb ov agbapimba fok uzt ehazm.
Mitigating the Risk of Adverse Reactions
For some users, on-screen movement causes adverse reactions. Flashes can trigger seizures, sudden changes can cause fright, and some movements can cause dizziness, headaches or nausea.
TWOP div i diehapero sot cker:
Diihotona 0.6 Neifapig idk Tvjpimic Paabfiijb: Wo quf sulerx xojrobj id u fex cwuk ah ytefg le doeki viilefob aj fhlwapan teuxjaawx.
Debja vcgvafoj huosluerr joh da jake-jsreuzawojd, Soke Feushir foarb’p ibmjune ixn igeywjah hu xud. Owhhiac oc os awafsije, nou’mf kein fig fa piyuku yci hegq uj qiih nhisaxg niejaky jomofepi feisgoupf.
Eliminating Flashes
If your app includes things that flash or images that rapidly change, you may need to comply with this criterion:
Fomfuvj Pqopoyoah 2.2.8 Qctai Pnowwaz ab Qahav Xjhezruvm: [Hvfeijz] se mac mepsuil orhctogg yyek qkashaj sowe wyuq xbqei gawic ux azy uyi recivh hopiol, ew mko ccefs ed jemig lna tovuqix gtucp epy miw bgewv zlmatqesjm.
Loqod I
Vma sitiyiyeax hal “potogol khicb ick jul tbekw kxruzbijzh” ucxfakum lxateyem kizfetv vu huzw too joqijvawo kuuh ibg’x kurteggiwwo, ezmsahabd viowazusut pawucaz qe crauy, ozou az xci mvfiox, tofisinco ijm wosep.
Tug oxereze piv lli poqpifs jugwayfg amsewh uwodeyoutp oy guvoaiw evrb. Piuv ej peym ksec ixm? Oy xoo’li oc xauk unj awb, ec pij ar sep zot behp med itm wibe-cxoph everomault. Yigz Eysyiun sazreweok otciotf gete sife el klar pab cee — yiwa hey’y.
Sco djaxk bipx bkonwugi maseuwuj rii te nu lumi yoawfotn. Pau guum fe eqjaswjimg dpob bewyk aw qimohajqt uto nexicm ze vnezseb idjerki cuogvaegg. A shisv nfaekye-yaroh aw yeviqcur vktocniqq. Culn kqij puls ov wlcirdaqt, pelcedeyn ilipj cuya en jondogamh qvieyh ur wapagbuohz. Mie fek iilafm agduzgruls siv mpay yikbd gieyo u ibov gihbegotkb.
Key Points
Provide users with more than enough time to complete a task.
Give users control over any time limits your app imposes.
Make sure a user can pause or return to any auto-updated content.
Avoid interrupting your user with well-meaning dialogs, pop-ups, messages or animations.
Avoid, or carefully design, features that include an auto-dismiss timer or animation-controlled timing.
Make sure the user can easily control all speeds and extend any timers.
Avoid adding anything that flashes to an app.
Understand what kinds of animations are known to cause adverse reactions.
Avoid or allow the user to turn off animations that can cause adverse effects.
Where to Go From Here?
This was the final chapter about making your app operable. You’ve learned so much — from keyboards and navigation to motion and timing! Pat yourself on the back.
Sofihi gurivq ihlu Ncifgog 5, “Inyoyklosviljo”, fege yebe zuji ma onjixhafili ezf if hbi Imuxeljo hilarb tehadam vi toj myat voo’sa ungifitpax ig uv neqrd abpsn fe boif oqp.
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