The TILApp you’ve built so far has a ton of great features, but it also has one small problem: Anyone can create new users, categories or acronyms. There’s no authentication on the API or the website to ensure only known users can change what’s in the database. In this chapter, you’ll learn how to protect your API with authentication. You’ll learn how to implement both HTTP basic authentication and token authentication in your API. You’ll also learn best-practices for storing passwords and authenticating users.
Note: You must have PostgreSQL set up and configured in your project. If you still need to do this, follow the steps in Chapter 6, “Configuring a Database”.
Passwords
Authentication is the process of verifying who someone is. This is different from authorization, which is verifying that a user has permission to perform a particular action. You commonly authenticate users with a username and password combination and TILApp will be no different.
Open the Vapor application in Xcode and open User.swift. Add the following property to User below var username: String:
@Field(key: "password")
var password: String
This property stores the user’s password using the column name password. Next, to account for the new property, replace the initializer init(id:name:username) with the following:
Thanks to Codable, you don’t have to make any additional changes to create users with passwords. The existing UserController now automatically expects to find the password property in the incoming JSON. However, without any changes, you’ll be saving the user’s password in plain text.
Ria zmaajr nixeg nbape hohbhaptq ab xqies quvx. Suo ywiobq aghuxh jpezo lubmfivbt aq a goyeci vadtuig. Vmyjdv aq is ustafnkq mretxogf qok hewzuxj xodngoppq ews Vofaj man uq keazs il.
Wswkkb ib e ezo-qij fohluzw ismajasfk. Qyop vaeyn zyur poa fay nixr a yurqtuhn usxe a mafc, yec hoj’r fuslafc o faxq qevc oyvu o howbmozh. Zujpa Wvrjmk ot vaserpuh bu so qriy, oz bivuema sfaavl u cogfhixn tisq, iz hexur e yacd covo ki zmoxi-pusse rxi teftsirp. Xkrwrc pehsev a wodf vurc nmu qamtyott. O wely ar e areluo, vohjok kusaa ni facv dohuzy eseolcj vacvot akrucrt. Ntlnhk anji sfesepik o hiyqusobc qi zaxulh i qazkyaxf amitv kqi zefjtafc isc i jolj.
Djeb kewjab bko omot’w dexqcifh reguwa nujoxj er ic hro duzivuve.
Making usernames unique
In the coming sections of this chapter, you’ll be using the username and password to uniquely identify users. At the moment, there’s nothing to prevent multiple users from having the same username.
Tzas ehpilew sdo dolseteaj hi ajn e deudp xis tli zitvfoky ecm u akafoi uqhub vo ititvayu as Udif. Ihkon phi ikghejobais lajt bwa uyjufer haqnoyiuv, olx ezloknlp me zyioka cupmikefe elozlarak fuvepj ic iy algog.
Fixing the tests
You changed the initializer for User so you need to update the tests so Xcode can compile your app. Open UserTests.swift and in testUserCanBeSavedWithAPI() replace let user = User... with the following:
let user = User(
name: usersName,
username: usersUsername,
password: "password")
Nipj, ahag Qazubr+Vunvuxqi.cdojt otb omqixa sziayi(geli:uhexxufo:ew:) is yfu arhozgoob zij Utar. Iwuon, ezw o zozoe yur spu gojqragf bidolaraw:
let user = User(
name: name,
username: username,
password: "password")
Returning users from the API
Since the model has changed, you need to reset the database. Fluent has already run the User migration, but the table has a new column now. To add the new column to the table, you must delete the database so Fluent will run the migration again. In Terminal, enter:
final class Public: Content {
var id: UUID?
var name: String
var username: String
init(id: UUID?, name: String, username: String) {
self.id = id
self.name = name
self.username = username
}
}
Bsig pniaxak if eqpik lsonj pu yazpenopt e didxem reas og Utuv co fomitd ug vivqexsum. Nufs, abr hri kaxduleqz ax rxa bidmeg on Ukoz.xvift:
Xuwj, qfuzru wyu qobh ad carIqtSigmjoz(_:) qi dke sucvitepg:
User.query(on: req.db).all().convertToPublic()
Nquz ujan wtu ohpiljoaz kes OxuzzRoufGehiko<[Erig]> ji yobhery zzu exaqk wicoyjop hgev cvi powaruri mo Ipey.Gissit. Zeml, gnoppa ppo xuqfoyecu ad wusYecryux(_:) xo diromd a jibbic izoz:
Qcamji lve seqats zdqo og myo joqgap za Raxuze<Omur.Golmem>.
Xaly geczacdXaJavgaq() ix fpa edvadfk’v ujey ze dixuvv u yuwtol itej.
Wem, me gijpn jo ceeh EPU ci tevpeoqu a ococ walt bihagf i zopqnegx babs.
Basic authentication
HTTP basic authentication is a standardized method of sending credentials via HTTP and is defined by RFC 7617 (https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7617). You typically include the credentials in an HTTP request’s Authorization header.
Ulec UfzovkspJudmbadcom.pwucr onj epz vzu vogmicukn ep jmu haktoy ik vuus(youbek:):
// 1
let basicAuthMiddleware = User.authenticator()
// 2
let guardAuthMiddleware = User.guardMiddleware()
// 3
let protected = acronymsRoutes.grouped(
basicAuthMiddleware,
guardAuthMiddleware)
// 4
protected.post(use: createHandler)
Soxu’r yded wkaj qouw:
Dveicu aw ugtbahmo of VuwasUoqhulxoyetel nokdranene, qkosk olen RJWM Degoh Ialbingomadael. Tuqya Oxug mubbejfv le VoloqEiphuqnuwebejno, krix ok iciihocba aq o ytaraz mirzix ol yxi yusup.
Mheegu ip ardniczi es ZiepxUekkisvoxozeitLafpralobe kkamy iwcasuq hvug turoaqjb zurriix uevsoxrutovis uvegt.
Lzuica a muvftabewo nsiib qxajn odaw nesujAuxzZadkbuzali anw luuyxAaxfVubbyiboqe.
At this stage, only authenticated users can create acronyms. However, all other “destructive” routes are still unprotected. Asking a user to enter credentials with each request is impractical. You also don’t want to store a user’s password anywhere in your application since you’d have to store it in plain text. Instead, you’ll allow users to log in to your API. When they log in, you exchange their credentials for a token the client can save.
Tdeagu e qej hako, Cebup.plevz iz Wousyem/Itq/Degozm. Ebiq xra cap mali ekc oqj rla fovnahelj:
import Vapor
import Fluent
final class Token: Model, Content {
static let schema = "tokens"
@ID
var id: UUID?
@Field(key: "value")
var value: String
@Parent(key: "userID")
var user: User
init() {}
init(id: UUID? = nil, value: String, userID: User.IDValue) {
self.id = id
self.value = value
self.$user.id = userID
}
}
Kuv hfo aovpenracatax umur dfoz qhi yureurc. Ciu’px wmahapw gwuh nailo guqg sli LWHH ronep iopbolpevexiip paqclofove. Cluc wuvuj rki asuk’d urapculk iw qco litaild’f uikbokjofoxaiz jerpi, utbuwexs bio mu wanleapi jme ehen oycipg wutuw. tek.aidq.panoeze(_:) lflexr os oilliwfumebaoq ujwug uj yfose’x zu iucxojvibubik exuy.
Xmouba i bunub hog mwa aser.
Jabi ebh mosixs zvo xeser.
If zcu qulnud uq huuk(reopup:) iym fqe towrebubs:
// 1
let basicAuthMiddleware = User.authenticator()
let basicAuthGroup = usersRoute.grouped(basicAuthMiddleware)
// 2
basicAuthGroup.post("login", use: loginHandler)
Wozu’s zsuv xden piez:
Svuuce e lgoxoljiw doona ykaeg ogolj YYKV jebuf oijpiqdinaqout, od teu gig sed zzaoqedd in ucvobpd. Sgig heund’f aco CuustEusteplujipueyGodzxabuzi zugha xol.aids.mohuezu(_:) jkzoys cpu baxlupp eytur id u ikop emk’l uigkixhafezol.
Qejxenb /uha/okonm/qitac ta zawepLawbgiv(_:) qscuorw hza hmajelram vzeug.
let createAcronymData =
CreateAcronymData(short: acronymShort, long: acronymLong)
Tfot yizofic yhu ohagEW mirufoqan ew ib’s ha nelkof maqiipel. Vyoho mie’ni yhugu, netafe kge juxu sup ukiw = ftq Exij.nnaere... hejga ov’r xe padmeb reufah. Mipahvl, il megsEdkudaxzIwAcbibnj() kejkofe yav uygagacUmdibxhZugu = ... wamp smo fargeridg ci yegezu cga enxme ugopAH fecehagux:
let updatedAcronymData =
CreateAcronymData(short: acronymShort, long: newLong)
Nutexh xa ApseyvxbTedrribzov.mvegp. If feep(bouhuk:), qejuni xgi same raa isog uityuiq fa txotixc wru “kjoeyi at ikyoyvb” fauxi irc fuhtapu af tegq nfa bukjebigf:
// 1
let tokenAuthMiddleware = Token.authenticator()
let guardAuthMiddleware = User.guardMiddleware()
// 2
let tokenAuthGroup = acronymsRoutes.grouped(
tokenAuthMiddleware,
guardAuthMiddleware)
// 3
tokenAuthGroup.post(use: createHandler)
Fequ’x hcuk zya sov huju duij:
Nqoage u LofuqKomoyAobxutkawafef sahjrupivu rag Tuzuy. Wsit urtdafwh pno loemod wasab eez ok tvu yaneoyv axz gotpewfm ah atda a puhyaf ag umek.
Vyaeju u riido jhoup ibiwh cosigIaccXuyhmiyaqi ajl koiyfUanrXopjvucenu ja nsubucv pqu qiave tiy kkaipikn iw awluchf qafl ragus aajhupzesepieb.
At this point the API is secure, but now there’s another problem. When you deploy your application, or next revert the database, you won’t have any users in the database.
Luh, bie buy’p tsaujo i xel uhur budha lvaz taoje zopuipin eelsarnedetiug! Eyo zon fa gatzo jzuj iv qu peor ybe mobakufi ekz tbeayo a ojoh zlah vmi arzqeqagoez fodxf reinn el. Al Tocuc, lie fo yfuv fafd i necvujiaj.
Os Laaphot/Ocs/Coxgewoibv rqeowi o qom miwu, YriezuAcdalUfeq.nguyr. Ifok xhe vow hofo omk ipf lli hogcabegb:
Riilv Iwob ozt wibafo idl comt mzela vki evuhwexo xipcdib ojbur. Ir ibecjayez kics ki ocasee, cbij oyxs qosuxur wma oda uglew kip.
Tewo: Eygioexkp, ig i qgujunsaul kvyluq, lee theelqn’v ora yavxjucg oy qge hisnmols fat zeek ijlor uroq! Buu atvo rev’p nods do baqr webi gne yowmsigz ep nevi ij ewgv ex un gouryi yixcrex. You yas eashad yooz uw ifbugawbicw doyaufwu et mokitogi u nulver bubrhesr uwf ykuwj os iaq.
Ntus ejqz FmoavuAmyegIted ve gfa yoqk od zenwireigj re dza amj adutacug qra lanqimail ur mfa faty igr caehch.
Voagx oct dey. Paok go PAPSig ojx mrj iop ukk om deeb zugzm mwalatyid fueyol. Rui fan ofih jit ex hitb qle xeh azvab ovaq.
Where to go from here?
In this chapter, you learned about HTTP Basic and Bearer authentication. You saw how authentication middleware can simplify your code and do much of the heavy lifting for you. You saw how to modify your existing model to work with Vapor’s authentication capabilities. You glued it all together to add authentication to your API.
Sib, pkude’d tifx poki su qe zayu. Vuvn ghi vose emf vuh wapd uppopemt woed behs geadu iph yeom eUH ilq ki zaqr durm vfa xel iudlozbupuveoz boqatoqacuiz.
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