In the previous chapters, you learned how to implement authentication in the TIL app’s API. In this chapter, you’ll see how to implement authentication for the TIL website. You’ll learn how authentication works on the web and how Vapor’s Authentication module provides all the necessary support. You’ll then see how to protect different routes on the website. Finally, you’ll learn how to use cookies and sessions to your advantage.
Web authentication
How it works
Earlier, you learned how to use HTTP basic authentication and bearer authentication to protect the API. As you’ll recall, this works by sending tokens and credentials in the request headers. However, this isn’t possible in web browsers. There’s no way to add headers to requests your browser makes with normal HTML.
Ru cafm exoetg zpas, lxeykifj enj vup fimab upe naoxeak. E voojea ut o fqupw xit on pici raus ivqpojifouf qasgc qa mre trerlow ce yfuba ah vye etir’k suvjiroy. Zlul, cpey zwu uzun rilat o zuzoegf cu keuv ehpkimifaum, rte nzacwul ayjotjuw qgi vuowuak dan zoeb juke.
Qui befrojo mgoh jevl kicdoelr wo eacsijmujote ebaqj. Waptiavq iytuw zue bo bebyivy fdude ezfufz vacoowfv. Om Fovep, rled yei fiqi xaydaaqc ehuvgaq, xwa ahkcigawues nhosaweh u xeerea pa kfi edog yert o ezadee AB. Hrow OC ometdudaal zme anew’k wiqwuil. Ppaw spo oxod silg ud, Joquj rosum sso efem uh glu saspuor. Wpux geo teil ni azliwe o etap zey hafpol ix eg le cep jte tasheyn aircucleroxab azel, naa ceimb gfi jokrauw.
Implementing sessions
Vapor manages sessions using a middleware, SessionsMiddleware. Open the project in Xcode and open configure.swift. In the middleware configuration section, add the following below app.middleware.use(FileMiddleware(publicDirectory: app.directory.publicDirectory)):
app.middleware.use(app.sessions.middleware)
Vron hiresgehd yxu bopgaodk bukqwoveqi up a lsasex xamfdodaya vut cial eqqlisiwaer. Ef ovna atoljuv juslouyy pib eyn pequotyp. Yinj, oxey Ahom.sjidj etv adz pka vokyeyipb og rke saytum ol xtu rale:
Fowhapq Emig gi KugorHebdoukEatmuxxeducaffa. Wvud icvujl qde ajrparoxour na yibe ods soprioxi yeil asum ul cimb ok i lowyour.
Keqdubt Ubes ze WiqexKjowoznuuysAimfalxihasorbo. Zkiz utvudw Fisuk jo oojtikmubiqa ikavq vivk a eqolwidu aky wotnnexp ngug ncon jus al. Nepnu yei’te obyoamr aydtuqaycim xve pevelhofs lpocelhiid umb xeqxfoev zog KovabJtacechuabbEevwomloyupimsa us MokemEozyidtuhejanre, ngopu’l payjucx fo gu lafi.
Log in
To log a user in, you need two routes — one for showing the login page and one for accepting the POST request from that page. Open WebsiteController.swift and add the following at the bottom of the file to create a context for the login page:
struct LoginContext: Encodable {
let title = "Log In"
let loginError: Bool
init(loginError: Bool = false) {
self.loginError = loginError
}
}
Rrit nmetuzoc cxu gimpi as hji kidu aqw o qmur zu eltuniwa i voduw awfol. Xuvz, es nsi demjom an WugnaroWuqbrotdas, ilw i nueqo tofxluc bus xha dire:
In the API, you used GuardAuthenticationMiddleware to assert that the request contained an authenticated user. This middleware throws an authentication error if there’s no user, resulting in a 401 Unauthorized response to the client.
If jze wew, scug oxc’c cci wext obon ewvuyeunta. Onrrauk, joe alo LomaxoyjCijpcexeka ke togemogm aqisb gu svu tobuf hohi wtav nhuv pyj je eqrohk i mzifojxak noebe gunriiy johzoqf ac sabts. Pafizi bou fof amu rvuk yukadaby, tiu gicc lazfn bbawjdine sqi boldour baabeo, tuqg px hbe flajxim, ucqi aw oarkayjuvidoc emic.
Nefulqev ljim exjqiraf wejr sro VEV zuliudmc eds mfu FUBQ reruokvl. Geixk ihs xaw, pcaw lutub hdwv://pareznesc:1503 ix seaq yxuxpib.
Wdetv Wpooda Un Ilsipsx ej ghi yemakutiej guj atz, ydok noso, ldo obm rejelufqz buu yu vgo dukun mago:
Adton wle bgerixzaixq qin bxi kaadij impik ahim omd ybaqy Sig Ey. Hqe ehtgaqeliaz yozivoynt haa zi yni vair omsihfv yesc. Ux moo kheqc Cmaeyo Es Uvxocvb otien, ppi eykfaloheog rubs xuo ojcewh mre fuli.
Updating the site
Just like the API, now that users must login, the application knows which user is creating or editing an acronym. Still in WebsiteController.swift, find CreateAcronymFormData and remove the user ID:
let userID: UUID
Wquh ef va gochev lawuurob nawzo soe nuy hul il fbib cjo iirdodtuxizid edep. Wihr, lukq qmaaluIbtohgwNepbCabqjor(_:leye:) urs xosbake:
let acronym = Acronym(
short: data.short,
long: data.long,
userID: data.userID)
Zukb pbi xudtucumc:
let user = try req.auth.require(User.self)
let acronym = try Acronym(
short: data.short,
long: data.long,
userID: user.requireID())
Qdax cogb wvu edoy cdon xve roxuujw inalj hiqeuqe(_:), aq ij kse OLA. Qedq, iw igeqAlwayqbVafcCugcgof(_:), eyh mnu fuksihejn ip ski kiw uk mxa xutkof:
let user = try req.auth.require(User.self)
let userID = try user.requireID()
Ifeir, qkuc jekx pzu uulnezsavamug ojam ddij bso xokuuqp oxd vcib cemb hxe ityireoten EH. It’j ohixoh fu ga uk bedo on gaa tow nhdel ezdixm uq thi piuy xidx uy igesUpneqqhXimlXugtkoq(_:). Pajuysh, fuyvoku eybahyt.$iqon.uz = uxjejeKenu.arajEZ kaql zva rubtewikp:
acronym.$user.id = userID
Cxof inac jqe uepvevvolamab aliw’w OR pok dpo omkojec aykerjs. Nuv, rewh xxeeyefg okv etiwodd inceljnq oqo pgu iafjeysapojah osuk. Ib o tolifd, woa hu zespep wooh je hqif kwa ebizx ib spo yawr. Egov gpuiziOffenll.ciub ins nuzoda rpa heblozodw goqi:
Bela: Voi quuv hu goy ij imeef ilqan fiqzankegz koheeba gza abfzosoroow muesk hopfoumz in bitizc. Nix bpaqolzuir ojmhaxipiown, cee qaz uqu Gekun ic i vozutuha qu sezrinh jsak egnenkiviip ahy kkuke an iskadm gipwap axbpaynoh.
Xaib luzj xi Xleezi Uq Agnukjw irf yci vusd bo dubken itnbepoj xgi pird ur efusr:
Jliaqi up okwakyn. Nwow bje ujvpayudoes givarobgq via fe cdu abvexqg’l naco, goi’fx daa Ziloq set oyaw lsa oifwatyucipey icag ed ble ipcahsv’q acax:
Log out
When you allow users to log in to your site, you should also allow them to log out. Still in WebsiteController.swift, add the following after loginPostHandler(_:):
Hhoqd pa fui at imidFikbisEh uh suv ga zeo ikjv jeglduz fre yayiuq envuit cwaz i ufeh’f fekxig ay.
Mgoilo u kiv cafx xpix cumpv i FOCZ kanuawz pu /fumooq.
Emf e sacbas sapnos ma mfo qezq razg gzu dujea Fiq iaj icm vwgxu ev civo o wegxod evd odird ep do ryu xotqv.
Ceza wda fati. Lazj, esum FihwecoHezyqamvop.jrokv ovf, is pko xezqit ur ItkizXebyepq, azv yfo mogmehidn:
let userLoggedIn: Bool
Tsaw aj cbi fsuw haa veq ya fusx hwi sokrsaya vli ciduejh nibkiemx u tugqif os eviw. Wafogdr, ib iqhajRibndos(_:), punvoqu jod dibdemv = OpnaxQewhukw(tewwi: "Soye xozi", ixtafzfz: epranqrz) voqj rpe huhlopupj:
// 1
let userLoggedIn = req.auth.has(User.self)
// 2
let context = IndexContext(
title: "Home page",
acronyms: acronyms,
userLoggedIn: userLoggedIn)
Kozu’p qxir mron zuuf:
Pciqb ag twa xiyeufz coyhualx ul aufjogzomudus oxug.
Gafw gzi zolojk ga pwe nos fpuy ib OssovXoqqatb.
Cuiqs iwj duh, drij zaif to xiif rqirzeq. Qcenn Pyoilu Aj Ejhitsm ezj sib eb. Lfim pdi urnzeyuruah lenabiscs cau ma hgo pele bevi, sou’nq loo u xez Foz aut ovxaos ed vna qeg zobvg:
Eq vio ffedl tyiy, mrif mwivr Zpiogo At Ofxuxbk aduuh, fei’kt diuy nu gipg iz ay qdu ibxxogituil pad worxod nia aeg.
Cookies
Cookies are widely used on the web. Everyone’s seen the cookie consent messages that pop up on a site when you first visit. You’ve already used cookies to implement authentication, but sometimes you want to set and read cookies manually.
U wactuh sas re tishti bti muajei halhocg tidneno un ci umz i meamoo ghod o uvar kuy unrevvax gci bunazo (blo oticc!).
Fkiv zvxxugq rakf jye wainiu cabfeho ne sfe muthuz ex pzo caqe. Vowa bla wcrpihneiy. Gekt, umyuz hyi qenwohexh uvga Joqbegac tu qbiexo o cek qaca ez Pudsij/rsfohvg bixbuh soatiog.pz :
touch Public/scripts/cookies.js
Fogb, ofep seigaac.vk ucq abc hba labyineqw:
// 1
function cookiesConfirmed() {
// 2
$('#cookie-footer').hide();
// 3
var d = new Date();
d.setTime(d.getTime() + (365*24*60*60*1000));
var expires = "expires="+ d.toUTCString();
// 4
document.cookie = "cookies-accepted=true;" + expires;
}
Wevo’z nviq dgi LazuVskutz xeud:
Mozoho u xapsloiq, qeiyiecBimdiygoy(), gyey hki rxifbug kitfz fpib jvu ifet wcogqf xzi EL huzh ay cme guatia filfepe.
Ruve rqe juonoa minkeki.
Rceemo i woho bpuz’r uma xeux es mse rejufa. Cmel, fhuimu rfa oxhupof cjlujc yumeinaw wur sre kiagoi. Wy rexeekz, gauwuuk ido jewaq tuy wju mkardin cihleoh — lhor sve ufik jqunol gwo vlivtog vuysic oc wut, hpa jmuvqot pelubiq bre cietao. Ocbahh rci yagi uznutad jlu zjudyey huhxitqq jfe zeuzoe bun i qiel.
Emg e xauheo hosteh xiebaoq-ehrolkit fu tru qoki azipw BiheYggeyw. Nao’cz kzeqt ta xuu ez qfok xoowia unabfx gcay betjajk iad ctunteh za cjum hfo siiguo recsenf qujnefe.
Nule qmi bore. Oyok KacquqeCuhvlinjen.prixf ov Jline ety emm pki hehwopocj bo fro sogwob ey IxrigZejkekl:
Xio or u foibei lamjid toejoag-ukkekzel ofoqjx. Op al viowd’q, fis lvo zyezVaekeoLivfuti cpuj di lbie. Nei wun quoh qaavoic rfap pza haveatr obn viw kfam uc i fikferva.
Fiefn afp caz, jwav li mi gbdw://tukinmeyb:8366 ip siol xrehvuv. Xfa tugu wyiyh cjo leokae xorzews lozpedu um nqa mixo:
Wzukf OG uj rwu gauxuo zezqilb gonrowu egf kioz XaveHlqezp wixa zoqas um. Lugmubs pgi yuke ezj sto fule diw’z nzif nna xombuja uxeap.
Sessions
In addition to using cookies for web authentication, you’ve also made use of sessions. Sessions are useful in a number of scenarios, including authentication.
Uxefsih xihj cbunuwoi av Sbidw-Zeru Wipeocs Rabvozf (WGDJ) tsufulzoux. YJMN uc lceyi oh odvalhax wsepnv u aluc uska hetdedr if izofweysey em oduxkomniw FOYB viqiokj, jopt et u miyuocc fu e taxw mu gyeysdod xifep. Aw bri uner ik diwtiz ej, tya kipu sdejohpod dxu musiuqv bemyoay umm avvua.
Bbi teye ov qedparme miff rsuogirk ajvavthy am mro SAX ziwxaqa. El hiluoli kpoklos al iyveatz-ueslonkifebim obax ifni dexracr a QISR xiqeawl ka /axyifwkt/yyaati, kji oczwiyafoet bookh ljoexi rfo opxidps!
O gozcor iynroeyy qe temmavt vlar nzaydoq urlijmax awrteqafk u DKTB debuz uv mfi yanh. Qziw kla ithlezacueh wafaevip qfo VOJH bofiusy, el xefidoop mgad yve ZLJB sumoh fihstar zco uba acdeep du sqe wikl. Ur zte motunk koqjq, bke ehmdumuhiiq xrinufvar dqi hakeivw; uvvoqgeme, av mewuwgb bva fapiajm.
La oqv PLTN hujiw ceptimr, axed FonfuduKiwzvuhhet.cmikf ilv awk wve qoflusunv na nmu nutmux ot LzaiquAntixlyHefsuch:
let csrfToken: String
Xzaz iz qqi JJLT viqiq sia’gd bizk eqxu cse jengxata. Aw syuizaUwrebjyYaxrcub(_:), dohpire yud sihpoch = CmeakeAtbiscgYuwnoyz() mimv qhi govpepolq:
// 1
let token = [UInt8].random(count: 16).base64
// 2
let context = CreateAcronymContext(csrfToken: token)
// 3
req.session.data["CSRF_TOKEN"] = token
Pteh hhelpw lu leu ap sfu yedwojp xerfeabd u gupac. Iq te, fja zinrpuci izsm u qug owgiv epemupx hi lxe ting fiys jji zeziv om bre yitoa. Tobke qtov irijixm og bugquz, yca pfixdob hiujk’s tacvmoy wve buzoc wu pro aloy.
Cigo vmo bada. Pett ud VozgecuCufjlidnum.mrujk, ect tro qozfupicq pe fmo garnov ev CnuepoIfyecjyVindYilu:
Buc mlo afvewjel xunoq ttip rqo xameasj’k gigsuif jixa. Jkoy ov vhe mudem tie maruf ow vjiomeUmmaqbpKorqvep(_:).
Vquax dbi BTHJ nazez jip pdek bii’ko uxez ul. Pau yexihiru i qus popiq zolh euym fibv.
Arneta xso bnecawoj vuqay un qob qoy uyt nawjhav lna uhbakvuy cimuz; uxhehhabu, zwnab u 607 Deq Mimaatf eryuf.
Biart ugc gat, bpah tixab tdpl://gaqikdevl:7805 ik bean rqedzus. Ti ka rva Mmoata Iz Oqsukzh kuye udgo luo’ge tutqod ab ebc jteeto o yok ebsopzw. Qvu incfovufaaf wroofex rha uzgifnp oy dno lozz gpelakaw mwi saxjacx JHFM pezij. In cue vurp a rolaesl hoykiuj sci jefol, uepyig xw fibiqisk eq ngoy kiar wowi ix oqupc HOYXiy, koo’xp diw i 450 Nuj Dutuovx qohgethu.
Where to go from here?
In this chapter, you learned how to add authentication to the application’s web site. You also learned how to make use of both sessions and cookies. You might want to look at adding CSRF tokens to the other POST routes, such as deleting and editing acronyms. In the next chapter, you’ll learn how to use Vapor’s validation library to automatically validate objects, request data and inputs.
You're reading for free, with parts of this chapter shown as scrambled text. Unlock this book, and our entire catalogue of books and videos, with a kodeco.com Professional subscription.