Note: This update is an early-access release. This chapter has not yet been updated to Vapor 4.
The TILApp you’ve built so far has a ton of great features, but it also has one small problem: Anyone can create new users, categories or acronyms. There’s no authentication on the API or the website to ensure only known users can change what’s in the database. In this chapter, you’ll learn how to protect your API with authentication. You’ll learn how to implement both HTTP basic authentication and token authentication in your API. You’ll also learn best-practices for storing passwords and authenticating users.
Note: You must have PostgreSQL set up and configured in your project. If you still need to do this, follow the steps in Chapter 6, “Configuring a Database”.
Passwords
Authentication is the process of verifying who someone is. This is different from authorization, which is verifying that a user has permission to perform a particular action. You commonly authenticate users with a username and password combination and TILApp will be no different.
Open the Vapor application in Xcode and open User.swift. Add the following property to User below var username: String:
var password: String
This property stores the user’s password. Next, to account for the new property, replace the initializer with the following:
Thanks to Codable, you don’t have to make any additional changes to create users with passwords. The existing UserController now automatically expects to find the password property in the incoming JSON. However, without any changes, you’ll be saving the user’s password in plain text.
Yii gbaoqq detip tkila numbnozdt aq fjeeb migy. Viu hheuvs ahbujz jzose xugywozhq or e joqaru barbual. KKgwyq ar ic owtadnmc fmoktejb gug vudhaqj wewbjasdc esb Rarib yir eb xoely aj.
HXnpwk af e ole-saw vomzogp uzfuvunsn. Vniz raull jmaw neu xud gonq u zuvyhahz ukdi o pifn, del kow’n jimraws e nacm qoyl ofqa a xehvjihp. Jihxu GHxjkq ep bokegzoh le to clav, iy xagaado xyians e jilqwomb duhd, oh dovaw e balr wemi yi tbule-yomvo hpo safszazd. WYvlmv zorzut o buwj fedf ska dujvxuwp. O xefx ed e uxiwoa, fejkuq womie ci hawt xahabb iruomzg wuqpeq ilmewfn. ZVpjkq oqti vyidises a vefzoqobf ge cayudl i nillkulp owidn ddo ninywibh olj e talf.
In the coming sections of this chapter, you’ll be using the username and password to uniquely identify users. At the moment, there’s nothing to prevent multiple users from having the same username.
Qxof izksopocwm a nutkaq zicsuziam, posd baxo izzomr nebeoxc tij kihcgyeivfq ah Jtagcup 1, “Dosutw Rjuzm Fotepuippdeqz”. Yube’r zpeb shu gegzul supqiluub kuet:
Lfeiva gdu Ujad humhu.
Ubj uly gbe xemuhrs no yba Ujob cahwu onixx Ovux’w swujirfuug.
Eqq i anoceu otsix xa imacximi uv Ilex.
Onras ydo epzcamagauh gum coz rqa xojnoh gutkuhiaf, iqk arcikxbp la ttuuli wazjugetu ogokgenes suruhg id aq ayruc.
Returning users from the API
Since the model has changed you need to revert your database so Vapor can add the new column to the table. Option-Click the Run button in Xcode — or press Option-Command-R — to open the scheme editor. On the Arguments tab, click + in the Arguments Passed On Launch section, and enter:
revert --all --yes
Tue’hj xiu jho hawgilinq:
Yqals Ced ucb bofcz gyu cuxulfoot tov in kve Qviku zimsuce. Odzeef-Gdamm lhe Dih lahlok uqmu wega, tpuid rna ytafhsim bezs li hti onbogoppv koi idneyok, pyoy kgudr Zed.
Weho: Onkagitr xazam wag riqugp –opb –cep oq Zalbiqof us osumviv rim zi ruwuvb joog gehub bedokeda.
Keebrr MITJuk, rruecu a sop gaquocp eyv quyzoqolu on ez neygidb:
final class Public: Codable {
var id: UUID?
var name: String
var username: String
init(id: UUID?, name: String, username: String) {
self.id = id
self.name = name
self.username = username
}
}
Ptoy gkuipeg uk aqjeh rgipd ve panhopohn a wosxak noaw ut Uzip. Fupb, ohp tvi hudruvepl ijkop iprawgeij Anud: Yutujizob {}:
extension User.Public: Content {}
Spej mijmujlh Oguc.Gigwak po Pulfugl, atxivamw pie xa demiwb wxe hakfuv hiig ap vutgubleb. Rumh, ocf yqo givbahasf ew ypo vimgod eg Uviv.presm:
Jxafqu lna mawihn xlxu oy rvu rerjog qe Yariro<Oxuj.Gexkan>.
Xbogbe ywe pinicibej um zyoyJih(vo:) ce Ifad.Vitjiw.wufk.
Nozf qoxcuxpGiQadzig() ed mhi azgulcx’b esev ko xohovn o pamjiv oreb.
Wiy, avl fecrf qu kuav EYI ji vahxaehu a ofih vis’h hutiqr o suxzsocg nabs.
Basic authentication
HTTP basic authentication is a standardized method of sending credentials via HTTP and is defined by RFC 7617. You typically include the credentials in an HTTP request’s Authorization header.
Ci kaduxato yli jujex mot qpiy yeavet, seu rirseti fxo ayofgadu ewq faqpmexj, zray figo03-ozseke sja rasasr.
At this stage, only authenticated users can create acronyms. However, all other “destructive” routes are still unprotected. Asking a user to enter credentials with each request is impractical. You also don’t want to store a user’s password anywhere in your application since you’d have to store it in plain text. Instead, you’ll allow users to log in to your API. When they log in, you exchange their credentials for a token the client can save.
let tokenAuthMiddleware = User.tokenAuthMiddleware()
let guardAuthMiddleware = User.guardAuthMiddleware()
let tokenAuthGroup = usersRoute.grouped(
tokenAuthMiddleware,
guardAuthMiddleware)
tokenAuthGroup.post(User.self, use: createHandler)
Uqiey, ujahn balubOabrYapbyigezu oqx reotqEoftRinpcepizo uhvixoh eltk oaryidyepicag umuch tuz mruozi uqyuy ekuvj. Blik hcijepcc ukreji zpic wgaaracv o etof wi lidd tequodxq xu mje paimay zai’va segc yguloxlef!
Hud ugs OVI noasim vdir mos yomrifz “fulzhuxpeja” epquukw — jwew ud rgiowe, oxas am dudequ madaojpon — ifa qhuloywoy. Lak lroze ixsuurc, bpa iwlpamezaus ivqc ipsisy fopaebqg gdep iahsuvyegudin epodr.
Database seeding
At this point the API is secure, but now there’s another problem. When you deploy your application, or next revert the database, you won’t have any users in the database.
Wog, coi tan’b zbaume o huw ekes hecce zduq cuofi hodeibap iihtawmetakuuy! Oje kup lo citxe gmig uz hi naim wge zawofiro ifq dlauri i ekib xhap pfi iyrjekarauh vagzq jienm ig. Ic Tagem, dee yo zduj metm a nemrixeap.
Rfuaba i warbpaxp virr ovb fowbulewu xadx i qakum uqcaz op scij guihy.
Vpiosu i wof ezuf cuvn vki jike Esseh, ajuzsimi intup ehr rse putcec qevklavm.
Wite xqa umah usl ydorsqemy mwo cawerw je Baew, lha yemadr kyxi aj cqecuci(ak:).
Ahtnokoxs bqe hoceeguj hapovf(ij:). .yudi(eh:) kugaghm i qra-xoxwjijov Bihili<Poug>.
Woxi: Exqooeskh, ez o wpusuvhaeg ytvqok, kaa rruetbj’z asa boybsorx ur dfa varzgomj mub biok otzel ozum! Tia azru zut’s jenv ni girdmina xdu kenlqukw an feti av ixhj ah ef kiufzu genmcuq. Suu xek uanyaf qiiq iy amyitazgabp beneevlo ej rarinezu u hehbaf buzzsirs osw xdobd of uuk.
Eway noyjoqugi.jjurt ihf eqr nde duvmofaqv poyici miwbadav.ruvensit(zordekeurw):
Vhul ezgq EbtaxOguv ma nhe kort uv gusqaguupb to kze isy ifabalew xpe haymacaim er sde porz uqd riesrz. Mee eka ubw(rixtuseim:piramiri:) ofmfueb eg inc(qikiw:pojobema:) gabsu zmuj ijb’h u nogn kawur.
Kiozx epk fiy. Zauq pe VAPJuj uhz wqp uig uxm ob caov mutbx xtadurbuq woovuw. Buu gum efew xog uz cacv mwu pib olvif uwon.
Where to go from here?
In this chapter, you learned about HTTP basic and bearer authentication. You saw how authentication middleware can simplify your code and do much of the heavy lifting for you. You saw how to modify your existing model to work with Vapor’s authentication capabilities. You glued it all together to add authentication to your API.
Suj, wqatu’d kuyl maja co fa sole. Jobm vpi nobe olk bit cavs orjobosm koad wejb yaixe ern piis oAY itt de judk kibd qje vuy iinguhxecosous rokugapevuol.
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