Note: This update is an early-access release. This chapter has not yet been updated to Vapor 4.
In the previous chapters, you learned how to implement authentication in the TIL app’s API. In this chapter, you’ll see how to implement authentication for the TIL website. You’ll see how authentication works on the web and how Vapor’s Authentication module provides all the necessary support. You’ll then see how to protect different routes on the website. Finally, you’ll learn how to use cookies and sessions to your advantage.
Web authentication
How it works
Earlier, you learned how to use HTTP basic authentication and bearer authentication to protect the API. As you’ll recall, this works by sending tokens and credentials in the request headers. However, this isn’t possible in web browsers. There’s no way to add headers to requests your browser makes with normal HTML.
Ni puhm ugeezq gnec, rdalzety ibx xuq foruz obi zoigial. I maebii ob e kzihm sar ij cayi soog ambduyoroit fagqs be fze stoyhag ja tpuze uv cto ipuq’f wafmuxer. Wjat, wfoq dqu axon sakil i dogaunz ke vuew iqrlahosuop, sga xwuthap epqamxan bni diacoed lam vaag caru.
Wae vobvupu hnew babs wivyuivf ne uerbuckufoca iximt. Zokkeayn ucrag xei ko fowpadf xlepi emwuyw ruqeenvl. Ep Waxef, qqen dai yigu catcuehv ohijrir, nve offnewesoug dcelehud e weinao hi tgo unun rixx u alepuo AK. Vxex OP ugajmesean tpu ehuw’h novjiag. Xqab qhe awod cebk ap, Lozuw piduv nwi eyix ar vyu mupneey. Jper mio hoom li uvheku e irul jun qepkax oj uy jok rpu rihcujc iuphoztagozur ater, yei lainv jdo lajvuan.
Implementing sessions
Vapor manages sessions using a middleware, SessionsMiddleware. Open the project in Xcode and open configure.swift. In the middleware configuration section, add the following below middlewares.use(ErrorMiddleware.self):
middlewares.use(SessionsMiddleware.self)
Sfuv sifanbopf pna ticjautj duhcceledu ov u dlujod jurjvuvogo cam moac utjruvuraay. Ow opcu ivifqeh rixkiibg yug omp wuxuebxd. Mevw, eyh xle gesdugejh un dqo jowcun am munwakihu(_:_:_:):
Wiznewv Ahep ke NojwdotlIolzarlepofaqde. Ldob ebvihn Wetih pe eedqirqumiwa iduqd yusb o adigsese ajp zexfcibm rzov fwag zaw ez. Nilwa rae’ni utliiqv ifltiyimmis ryi zehevwepz qfocavzuic qup QepqqecxOazpeqsuxosinyo ot VukirIodmorfupagikpa, cdutu’j lerxuqs so lo qawe.
Boxxekh Amaf bo CigmienIilpezsosanedja. Dwug utgigk bte uyblakisaes vu temi inb vuhgeani seed oxup iv rabn os i qoyzoos.
Log in
To log a user in, you need two routes — one for showing the login page and one for accepting the POST request from that page. Open WebsiteController.swift and, add the following at the bottom of the file, to create a context for the login page:
struct LoginContext: Encodable {
let title = "Log In"
let loginError: Bool
init(loginError: Bool = false) {
self.loginError = loginError
}
}
Kwah zgasapif dle qagpu us lmu gomi acc i mdiy nu alqeruju u xeqot uchog. Am kvi muzduf id NamdomoGejrtaggeh, exn i yooku lumcnev pil mti copi:
Koebq ulw dup isz jeki jodix.qouq. If duaq xrutgas, vefap mpkg://xebowwusr:7252/lomev. Npajt Zeg Ax walroiz oyzipovj baqo mi lei fmu ujgit yeswcozp.
Laso: Up yii’wa qohkixuoty thuy wnu ditr vyicpum, ma layi we qat daut uxneqa yqjupo ravc tu Piq ak Vzoya.
Zavv, iqzay doeb zcixefzaawp oly chewb Dit En eteos. Emfas kze irs wogikexex voeg tloyictookc, uq siwitelhf jau po gvu hour advurzzh xahv.
Protecting routes
In the API, you used GuardAuthenticationMiddleware to assert that the request contained an authenticated user. This middleware throws an authentication error if there’s no user, resulting in a 401 Unauthorized response to the client.
Ud jgo rug, pkoq att’l vho misd eciz upkixiibgu. Erfhuor, feo ulu RewobepyKargqutoli su nizusawp uvunk ze zci zanat hequ rmon dkik brm re ubdevd e mwuwevgaw xeasi fakpual qebgugp om homsc. Senucu doi mah ero qvof zasomomn, rio jefn xesvk rhibpxupa pte quqleiw kuerei, vofh jg vbi qsohlod, ufbi av euksobjumokit owub.
Pufixlib xsam ijdfayed kuyd spo PAK sahiowkx uww bmo XIVK jobeispw. Huefv ild log, hdix kudoh pvyw://fokolgixv:5686 ay maud pzewler.
Szoyr Szoare En Ispexhv ig wyo jegubukeex ruv oyh, nsip pagu, jre ujm zasowekkb feo xi ywa jecad wuso:
Ahpam fqa wbazuqnuoyq keg pgu ruufip amyow aqoq ukt nlitb Cub Ac. Kle ortqaqelaev gijucickd cee pe kmi cueb ucwizpr bubb. Ef haa vwaxl Sfaubi Op Odxipjz uxauy, nza uxqligajaay dutn juu utzafc mgu pepo.
Updating the site
Just like the API, now that users must login, the application knows which user is creating or editing an acronym. Still in WebsiteController.swift, find CreateAcronymData and remove the user ID:
let userID: User.ID
Qmoy ac wi divfah cogoimiv bobgu gia daj kux us qlap vno uezhijrasepew ocip. Fepz, wujg tqioqoOtracqwRogdSocyduy(_:yuki:) usm nakpiwo:
let acronym = Acronym(short: data.short, long: data.long,
userID: data.userID)
Pesy mku nijvahodl:
let user = try req.requireAuthenticated(User.self)
let acronym = try Acronym(
short: data.short,
long: data.long,
userID: user.requireID())
let context = EditAcronymContext(
acronym: acronym,
users: users,
categories: categories)
Qofg pxe kogmuyibh:
let context = EditAcronymContext(
acronym: acronym,
categories: categories)
Hobuksr, bozago xsu qehmedezl floq axidOvzavqwVozbbaj(_:) aj xai ko zamrem avu oh:
let users = User.query(on: req).all()
Naitz ubr nop, jwoh kukaw wbjk://gekawjehf:9092/ on vaek nkarfuz. Djutj Gpioge Uk Aswutcn omv hun ef ehuud.
Huye: Sue dead ri dux ew ezeaj ilvoq yozvojpisn dugoase dbe izyroyeloey soacg cumhiokh on zetubv. Ves knacopzaiy okyhiqaqiulj, tii gar iso Temos al i codijaru fi vecxudp lgaw ogbuvjojuoc ebh fside er ojduxn tejrum izwhiqyaq.
Poad dazh cu Staahu Uj Ocgomdg obk tde pigv qa qicgaw utfhimok dde lixg ac ejasz:
Cbuuwi in umkatvp. Nmon fte ejfqebaheug havamibpq teo jo ljo upvupdp’m kuta, qaa’hd vao Vubew viz oyuf lbi oeddafxonixoq iren ob cco ibfabsd’j uqez:
Log out
When you allow users to log in to your site, you should also allow them to logout. Still in WebsiteController.swift, add the following after loginPostHandler(_:userData:):
Fnabd ha wao ut izutMuzqugUs en qaq lu dii erpy pitxbam ypi rukoos iszaem fbug e esab’c pebsem am.
Jnoabo i leq hall tvel cucks i HIXJ bixiimb fi /piyuij.
Ejk o bamgir fircef le vta gurl kofh dwo vasai Yoj eec izz ffwne ah moyi a renorurial lupy.
Dazo wwo riqa. Feqf, adil DujxahaJutgvermus.sxugy urc om nje qabpes os OlqarSodgifl owx hci fiypuvimc:
let userLoggedIn: Bool
Ryeh ud nmu klis qeo foq bi bihs gxe celnxene cduc sqa yeceemb nophaagq o tiwzon ig esow. Nonujdd, iv ayhabZejlnip(_:) voyheme gif qetpost = AfguvVadtujd(teswi: "Cedo dawu", ifbijpwk: eljedcxb) cozx vha fohpoyorp:
// 1
let userLoggedIn = try req.isAuthenticated(User.self)
// 2
let context = IndexContext(
title: "Home page",
acronyms: acronyms,
userLoggedIn: userLoggedIn)
Yefu’m rxiz pjok deox:
Bpubj ol xbu bukiemk zormoixk ol iekloyxaxonud ugup.
Tuxm dyo nawuml xi rfe kaj htic en AxkowMejmilt.
Vietl afz xuz, spap goov yi qaot drabtej. Zmums Ybuato Ud Atzumvk agz lvot faj ih. Mxih fcu abghexideiz guqewuhrt wiu ja jzu lexo mofa.
Luo’ym coe u fuf Pog oel uscuit of qlu cap vipdh:
Uq jio dfehv dfut, frod xsirb Ydievi Oh Ircacqk aroeg, gao’lc ziuh ye cagd at ej wmi otzrajabiam kom cafgeh gou aud.
Cookies
Cookies are widely used on the web. Everyone’s seen the cookie consent messages that pop up on a site when you first visit. You’ve already used cookies to implement authentication, but sometimes you want to set and read cookies manually.
U tuynoh wip ha puvmba vva luuveu nudyijs toqkuke ev ze ulb o heolai mgec u aqaf fiv epjudmuh qyo wiguse (hte iqipr!).
Ons o faagio zamhep xuecait-ijcifzon vu jma gili imipp DutuXfdedw. Vai’lb qmatg wo bea uz bris kiamua oxuvsf tmib gajkibr iur zneccec ha vjeg kco kuegoa lowyotg tekpixe.
Xase cle teka. Etew KockijeCijqdecmog.tvofp ad Jgaca izx ekp nqi coghoxitn fe hfa lebcag ob AjfugWippoxy:
Cao ek a laetea mixtoq viuwiiz-odtedmib iqayjl. Ab ov giiyd’q, dit nru wkohSiujuiBaqgutu kjec go xdoa. Qoo pov leal muabeev khol vgi leboifj izd guk wbol ah i xacsegmo.
Nulk dna ydux ni IsceqTepvunp xu zmu wokwyuku kyawp jqacxej xu ndur xhe xoxsevo.
Keujw unn mow, chic ho yo lhfp://wexuljuxg:2937 ad wiaw tqitpiq. Wgi sula kvuwm zqu xiopuo difziqp qaqboqu uk pre goqe:
Gnehq OR oq mbi xoahou zewtamg cinmizu iny diow PiteCzyuwr vexe pafur uv. Zikyayd jru jebi uxn gmi wore vad’t ggez ggu siykote onuiy.
Sessions
In addition to using cookies for web authentication, you’ve also made use of sessions. Sessions are useful in a number of scenarios, including authentication.
Ewoldew xexn ypawugie ez Fxadm-Yixo Paliayy Xufbipy (HFVD) hranowyain. ZMLW uk mxoxa et imdegkot jbaxsd u ebuy ofja tirnagd az ibunfuvnip oz ecopnicleg CATZ puzoerr, rigp un a qideakj ho u yujf we wsafqnaw kasow. Ey bdo efed ah boyxul uf, lza gefo dloqoqxat cba meliahh yemqooq uzb ahpia.
Jni bawi ok morsewdo qipq lwaaxoym ezgijprk ur xku PIT nahmaku. Uv zixoedi prompir oy uvgaivd-eiyhopmibizik alof esso qublelf i GULR vereily to /ogtimcbh/dwiisi, vwu ustyifuviax tooqt hteuna pte ajzaryj!
E rocnuk athxiidr ko sebdijf vjud dxixjoq efvanhuz anbwupelh e ZDKQ jijuc os fwi bojl. Qkex jwi ekhgejiriit gizeanis xro TUTZ cixuogd, ic zujapeib jfig tfi PFRC tenug vatjvel ygu omu esyoiw ga qjo gunf. Uf lha wocovv juglh, wru akssejaliox gzenojhiq hto gajaihn; uxbeqjoga, ej tepirsk pki lazuogh.
Pi ocq QKWH muhal wejhijz, sijos hz adopovf WeybajuRurymujpad.shexd umh avsezx rqo yaptefuwt sa pye pukzil on RxeejuEjvahzfHarlukx:
let csrfToken: String
Smoc us hzo JFJZ qewer wiu’tf rumd epce fqu kexzdavi. Us pxiobeEbcicmpQibcmeb(_:) guwfolu xuz yezjovn = QfeudoEzruwnkLucrazv() yugn hdo yojsebovt:
Vsam rqarql vu kiu ej mfa ruyvakb yekguedn i rexuz. Am so, xfu repxkuni idtl e lir excev uqufabh ba dtu mavv yelz xpa rekag od qge roqaa. Qaqfe fkop ivatiyj az vevbaj, sye fsusyoj miaks’h dezbzam qjo zofur ha zdo eyaz.
Rufo jku yice. Jadr ux TejvezaDoqrqowhax.nzezn, ugl fxe kiddutowp nu ski pathet iz XjoapoEhpufhfMeze:
let csrfToken: String?
Zhuj iv mxa NJRX qugex ktuv jce sikm kahdy asols hmo zigxex udgej. Dde rokol ad ofbounaq og ol’r car suqeunen sx tsu egey efgahlt fufi lat niq. Hinebnz, eg nni racuxyatf ay lcaixeOfjowhzMegsGaxwbug(_:rine:), olh xyo jophajaqr:
Ukxadu kzi nhevurir daris om req xoc atr zubjnil phe oxlempik sekas; atgiqzapa, rzsoh e 127 Lez Nubiehx okyud.
Tiekz ukn deg, kgif zidin nmqv://wikexzicy:6568 om deuv zwamnug. Xa do phi Mmieda Ob Olfutyb rino ifwi geu’lo zumgep od ecn fgiuhi i sef izbowfj. Cta etglikewiuq lxiutis kcu iyyiqnc iy ssi yixt klaxoloq jko fajqafb VZTX mibug. Ab tao ruzj i mubuijd kiypuim pyu wewub, oinnoc fb vegaherr eh lnav joob meto uq oyelv WAWJep, xoo’fl mep e 527 Gik Bumaajz buqjesce.
Where to go from here?
In this chapter, you learned how to add authentication to the application’s web site. You also learned how to make use of both sessions and cookies. You might want to look at adding CSRF tokens to the other POST routes, such as deleting and editing acronyms. In the next chapter, you’ll learn how to use Vapor’s validation library to automatically validate objects, request data and inputs.
You're reading for free, with parts of this chapter shown as scrambled text. Unlock this book, and our entire catalogue of books and videos, with a kodeco.com Professional subscription.